Zero Trust is a cybersecurity approach and network security model that challenges the traditional perimeter-based security strategies. The concept behind Zero Trust is to assume that no user or device should be inherently trusted, regardless of whether they are inside or outside the corporate network. Instead of granting broad access to resources based on network location or user credentials, Zero Trust implements a more granular and dynamic security strategy.

The key principles of Zero Trust are:

Never Trust, Always Verify: Zero Trust assumes that no entity, whether it's a user, device, or application, can be inherently trusted. Every access request is treated with skepticism and must be verified.

Micro-Segmentation: Networks are divided into smaller segments to limit the exposure of critical assets. This ensures that even if an attacker gains access to one part of the network, they won't have access to the entire system.

Least Privilege: Users and devices are granted only the minimum level of access necessary to perform their tasks. This principle reduces the potential impact of a compromised account.

Continuous Monitoring: Continuous monitoring of user and device behaviour allows for the detection of anomalies and potential security breaches.

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): MFA is used to enhance authentication security by requiring users to provide multiple forms of identification before gaining access to resources.

Device and User Identity Verification: Zero Trust focuses on verifying both the user's identity and the device's security posture before granting access.

Encryption: Zero Trust emphasizes the use of strong encryption for data both at rest and in transit.

Logging and Auditing: Comprehensive logging and auditing of access attempts and activities help identify security issues and support incident response.

The traditional security model relied heavily on firewalls and VPNs to protect the network perimeter, assuming that internal users and devices were safe. However, this approach has proven insufficient in the face of sophisticated cyber threats, insider attacks, and the increasing adoption of cloud-based services and mobile devices.

Zero Trust seeks to address these shortcomings by adopting a more proactive and context-aware security posture that focuses on protecting data and resources rather than the network perimeter.

By implementing Zero Trust principles and technologies, organisations can improve their cybersecurity posture and better defend against modern cyber threats.